As of the end of 2025, HNU Library's total collection had reached 8.69 million volumes. This includes 3.99 million paper-based documents, and digital resources equivalent to 4.70 million volumes, and 140 databases.

The library currently consists of four branches – one on the main campus, one on the Caiyuan Campus, a special collections museum, and one in the Dezhi Dormitory Area.

The library on the main campus, established in 1979, is situated on the South Campus, with a floor area of 16,070 square meters. The paper-based collections housed in this library are mainly comprehensive publications, covering a wide range of subjects, with diverse formats and extensive disciplinary coverage.

The library on the Caiyuan Campus, formerly the library of the Hunan College of Finance and Economics, was constructed in 1983 and expanded in 1999. It has a floor area of 12,230 square meters, with its paper-based documents primarily focusing on economics.

The Special Collections Museum, the former library of Hunan University, was constructed in 1947 and expanded in 1951. It is situated on the South Campus, covering an area of 2,198 square meters. In 1985, the museum established a collection center for works by Hunan celebrities at home and abroad. Currently, the center houses over 20,000 items donated by more than 1,000 domestic and overseas organizations and individuals. The collections include calligraphy and paintings by master artists, as well as inscriptions, books, and photographs from state leaders.

The library in the Dezhi Dormitory Area opened in 2018. It is located on the third and fourth floors of the Dezhi canteen, with a floor area of 3,000 square meters. The third floor serves as a self-study area, while the fourth floor serves as a lending library, housing 80,000 to 100,000 volumes and offering approximately 800 seats for readers.